General view of the siyum in Monsey
The Torah Projects and Daf Yomi Commission of Agudath Israel of America hosted a live, worldwide broadcast of a siyum on Maseches Bava Kama, drawing hundreds of participants from multiple locations around the world. The event was held at the Monsey Night Seder at Congregation Shaarei Tefillah during the week of Selichos, when the worldwide Daf Yomi finished the masechta.
Rabbi Yisroel Reisman of Agudath Israel Zichron Chaim Zvi of Madison and Rosh Yeshiva of Yeshiva Torah Vodaas, delivered uplifting divrei his'orerus in preparation for the Yomim Noraim.
Based on what the Ran writes (in Droshos Haran, Number 11) about how the court system in Eretz Yisroel functioned in the times of the Sanhedrin, Rabbi Reisman developed a fascinating chain of thought about two possibilities for Heavenly judgment on the Yom Hadin.
With this idea he explained a difference of opinion between the Ramo and Mechaber as to whether one has to repeat Shemoneh Esrei during the Aseres Yemei Teshuva if he forgot to change the brocho of "Melech oheiv tzedokoh umishpot" to "haMelech hamishpot."
When Klal Yisroel lived in their own land, the Ran explains, the court system had two tracks. One track, known as mishpat hasanhedrin, operated by the strict letter of the law. The second track, mishpat hamelech, was the responsibility of the king who possessed extra judicial powers. The fundamental difference between them is that the king could override the law if the welfare of society or of the nation warranted it. He could take into account mitigating circumstances in rendering judgment. He had the power to lift a death sentence or to impose one if needed for the public good.
The symbol of the Yom Hadin is a Heavenly scale on which mitzvos and aveiros are weighed in a manner reminiscent of the mishpat hasanhedrin, noted Rav Reisman. It's a system that is shuras hadin, "it goes by the book" in determining a person's fate.
Which Courthouse Will It Be?
Rav Reisman speaking at the siyum
In many places in the machzor, however, we come across tefillos that are not consistent with this imagery. We ask Hashem to remember "bris avoseinu...Avrohom, Yitzchok veYaaov." We ask him to remember "Akeidas Yitzchok." What does this have to do with a person's personal track record of mitzvos and aveiros?
Consider another baffling tefilloh, said the Rav: "Al tavo bemishpot imonu; Don't sit in judgment with us, Hashem..." How strange! Isn't the whole point of the Yom Hadin to stand in judgment before Hakodosh Boruch Hu?
Rabbi Reisman suggested that the underlying message is that we're asking to judged by the mishpat hamelech. That is the true avodoh of Elul, when we are in the realm of ani l'dodi v'dodi li, a special intimacy between Klal Yisroel and Hashem.
Mishpat hasanhedrin - justice-by-scale, so to speak, is very risky, he said. Especially since, "Lo yitzdak lefonecha kol chai, no living creature can be fully vindicated." Who knows what mistakes and aveiros will appear on the scale, that we don't even remember? What happens if we lack the zechusim to offset them? We therefore plead for judgment by the mishpat hamelech, the "extra judicial" track where Hashem, who cherished our Avos, will show their children mercy even if they don't deserve it.
That is perhaps why, according to the Mechaber, one has to repeat Shemoneh Esrei if he forgot to say hamelech hamishpot, Rav Reisman said.
Prying Open The Door After Closing Hours
The Rosh Yeshiva shared another incident from an earlier tekufah in his life that gave new meaning to the unusual wording in Neilah, "P'sach lonu shaar b'eis neilas hashaar; Open the gate for us as the gate is closing." The incident involved a ride he had given his friend, Rav Aryeh Katzin, who was active in bringing Russian youngsters to the United States while the Communist regime was in power. The two men were planning to attend a meeting together in Flatbush.
Rav Katzin asked Rav Reisman to make a stop along the way, as he had an important package to deposit at the post office. It was a cassette of a shiur in Russian he delivered each week via Radio Free Europe to Jews behind the Iron Curtain. For the U.S. government to broadcast the material, the cassette had to be in the mail Thursday evening. Most post offices closed at five o'clock but Rav Katzin knew of one right outside the Holland Tunnel that was open until nine.
"But Rav Aryeh, it's already ten after nine," Rav Reisman pointed out after their lengthy detour through the Holland Tunnel.
"Maybe it will still be open," Rav Katzin replied hopefully.
"I didn't know whether to be amused or annoyed at his naivete," recalled Rav Reisman. "What federal building is open even a minute after closing hours? But since we were almost there, I drove up to the building. As I expected, it was totally dark, all windows shuttered, no sign of life."
"'Drive around to the back?" suggested Rav Katzin.'"
"What's the use, I thought. But I did as he asked. Reb Aryeh got out of the car and approached a door, knocking lightly. To my amazement, the door opened and a fellow inside took his package. Rav Aryeh came back to the car, glancing at me in amusement. "You think this is the first time I came here after nine o'clock?"' he smiled. He apparently had a friend who worked in the post office... someone who opened the door for him whenever he arrived after the place was locked."
"If you have a 'friend', inside, he will open the door for you even after closing hours," reflected Rav Reisman. "This is the special privilege of Ani l'dodi v'dodi li. And how are we to be zocheh to it? Through ahavas Hashem and ahavas haTorah. Develop a kesher with the Ribono Shel Olam and you will slowly build a closeness with Him.
A Down Payment to Hashem
Rav Reisman expressed his dismay at hearing frequent comments about how the Yomim Noraim come and go and nothing really changes. People are right where they were a year ago.
He recalled that his rebbe, Rav Pam zt"l, would urge his talmidim each year to take on a kabala in Elul and during the Yomim Noraim. "Take on something small as a 'down payment to Hashem,' he would say. "Something extra, something meaningful that shows you want a kesher with Him."
"Change doesn't have to be sweeping, it can be something small and private, that only you know about. In my own life," he added, "every dovor tov...every bit of growth started with a kabala during the Yomim Noraim. This is a time of great opportunity. If you have a personal connection with the Ribono Shel Olam, it isn't possible to remain exactly as you were a year ago."
The minhagim Yidden undertake during the Aseres Yemei Teshuva show Hashem we are reaching out, we want a relationship with Him, the rav said. He added that he wasn't advocating adopting chumros carte blanche but that with regard to certain stringencies, the Shulchan Aruch praises the "machmir" as Zerizim makdimin l'mitzvos ... Tavo olov brocho....Yirai Shomayim yachmir al atzmo.
"If we make a habit of never going beyond the letter of the law," Rav Reisman concluded, "can we come to Hashem on the Yomim Noraim and ask Him to drop meshuras hadin and judge us with mishpat hamelech, with the love and closeness of Ani l'dodi v'dodi li?
